Ministers for Communications

The swearing in today of Anthony Albanese as Minister for Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy saw some tweeting about the longevity of Senator Conroy and contrasting it with the churn in the portfolio in the Hawke Government.

So I thought I'd share my table of Ministers for Communication since Federation. 

As "postal, telegraphic and other like services" are a Federal responsibility under the constitution the Post-Master General was a portfolio from the very start.

The initial ministries (1.1.1901- 12.7.1915) were constituted of PM, Minister for External Affairs, Minister for Home Affairs, Treasurer, Minister for Trade and Customs, Minister for Defence, Postmaster-General, Vice-President of the Executive-Council, Minister (without portfolio).  The Minister with responsibility for posts and telegraphs is therefore one of six that could have a list of Ministers since Federation.

 

Anthony Albanese is not the first Deputy Prime Minister to be the communications minister.  Lance Barnard was both in the two man Whitlam ministry from 5 to 19 December 1972.  Lionel Bowen was Post-Master General under Whitlam and subsequently served as DPM under Hawke.

 

John McEwen was the first Minister to be commissioned as Deputy Prime Minister in the Gorton Ministry on 10.1.1968.  Previously it was used unofficially for the second highest ranking Minister. (but none of them were the Postmaster General).

 

The full list is:

 

Ministry	Dates	Minister	Dates
		Postmaster-General
Barton Ministry (Protectionist)	1.1.1901 – 24.9.1903	Forrest, J	1.1.1901-17.1.1901
		Drake, Senator JG	5.2.1901-10.8.1903
		Fysh, PO	10.8.1903 -24.9.1903
Deakin Ministry (Protectionist)	24.9.1903 – 27.4.1904	Fysh, PO	24.9.1903 – 27.4.1904
Watson Ministry (ALP)	27.4.1904 – 17.8.1904	Mahon, H	27.4.1904 – 17.8.1904
Reid–McLean Ministry (Free Trade – Protectionist Coalition)	18.8.1904 – 5.7.1905	Smith, S (FT)	18.8.1904 – 5.7.1905
Deakin Ministry (Protectionist)	5.7.1905 – 13.11.1908	Chapman, A	5.7.1905-30.7.1907
		Mauger, S	30.7.1907-13.11.1908
Fisher Ministry (ALP)	13.11.1908 – 2.6.1909	Thomas, J	13.11.1908 – 2.6.1909
Deakin Ministry (Protectionist – Free Trade – Tariff Reform Coalition)	2.6.1909 – 29.4.1910	Quick, J (PROT)	2.6.1909 – 29.4.1910
Fisher Ministry (ALP)	29.4.1910 – 24.6.1913	Thomas, J	29.4.1910-14.10.1911
		Frazer, CE	14.10.1911-24.6.1913
Cook Ministry (LIB)	24.6.1913 – 17.9.1914	Wynne, A	24.6.1913 – 17.9.1914
Fisher Ministry (ALP)	17.9.1914 – 27.10.1915	Spence, WG	17.9.1914 – 27.10.1915
Hughes Ministry (ALP)	27.10.1915 – 14.11.1916	Webster, W	27.10.1915 – 14.11.1916
Hughes Ministry (National Labour)	14.11.1916 – 17.2.1917	Webster, W	14.11.1916 – 17.2.1917
Hughes Ministry (Nationalist)	17.2.1917 – 10.1.1918	Webster, W	17.2.1917 – 10.1.1918
Hughes Ministry (Nationalist)	10.1.1918 – 9.2.1923	Webster, W	10.1.1918-3.2.1920
		Wise, GH	4.2.1920 – 21.12.1921
		Poynton, A	21.12.1921 – 5.2.1923
Bruce–Page Ministry (Nationalist – CP Coalition)	9.2.1923 – 22.10.1929	Gibson, WG (CP)	9.2.1923 – 22.10.1929
Scullin Ministry (ALP)	22.10.1929 – 6.1.1932	Lyons, JA	22.10.1929 – 4.2.1931
		Green, AE	4.2.1931-6.1.1932
Lyons Ministry (UAP)	6.1.1932 – 9.11.1934	Fenton, JE	6.1.1932-13.10.1932
		Parkhill, RA	13.10.1932 – 12.10.1934
		McLachlan, Senator AJ	12.10.1934 – 9.11.1934
Lyons Ministry (UAP–CP Coalition)	9.11.1934 – 7.11.1938	McLachlan, Senator AJ	9.11.1934 – 7.11.1938
Lyons Ministry (UAP–CP Coalition)	7.11.1938 – 7.4.1939	Cameron, AG (CP)	7.11.1938 – 7.4.1939
Page Ministry (CP–UAP Coalition)	7.4.1939 – 26.4.1939	Cameron, AG (CP)	7.4.1939 – 26.4.1939
Menzies Ministry (UAP)	26.4.1939 – 14.3.1940	Harrison, EJ	26.4.1939 – 14.3.1940
Menzies Ministry (UAP–CP Coalition)	14.3.1940 – 28.10.1940	Thorby, HVC (CP)	14.3.1940 – 28.10.1940
Menzies Ministry (UAP–CP Coalition)	28.10.1940 – 29.8.1941	McLeay, Senator G	28.10.1940-26.6.1941
		Collins, TJ (CP)	26.6.1941-29.8.1941
Fadden Ministry (UAP–CP Coalition)	29.8.1941 – 7.10.1941	Collins, TJ (CP)	29.8.1941 – 7.10.1941
Curtin Ministry (ALP)	7.10.1941 – 21.9.1943	Ashley, Senator WP	7.10.1941 – 21.9.1943
Curtin Ministry (ALP)	21.9.1943 – 6.7.1945	Ashley, WP (SENATOR?)	21.9.1943 – 6.7.1945
Forde Ministry (ALP)	6.7.1945 – 13.7.1945	Cameron, Senator D	6.7.1945 – 13.7.1945
Chifley Ministry (ALP)	13.7.1945 – 1.11.1946	Cameron, Senator D	13.7.1945 – 1.11.1946
Chifley Ministry (ALP)	1.11.1946 – 19.12.1949	Cameron, Senator D	1.11.1946 – 19.12.1949
Menzies Ministry (LIB–CP Coalition)	19.12.1949 – 11.5.1951	Anthony, HL (CP)	19.12.1949 – 11.5.1951
Menzies Ministry (LIB–CP Coalition)	11.5.1951 – 11.1.1956	Anthony, HL (CP)	11.5.1951 – 11.1.1956
Menzies Ministry (LIB–CP Coalition)	11.1.1956 – 10.12.1958	Davidson, CW (CP)	11.1.1956 – 10.12.1958
Menzies Ministry (LIB–CP Coalition)	10.12.1958 – 18.12.1963	Davidson, CW (CP)	10.12.1958 – 18.12.1963
Menzies Ministry (LIB–CP Coalition)	18.12.1963 – 26.1.1966	Hulme, AS	18.12.1963 – 26.1.1966
Holt Ministry (LIB–CP Coalition)	26.1.1966 – 14.12.1966	Hulme, AS	26.1.1966 – 14.12.1966
Holt Ministry (LIB–CP Coalition)	14.12.1966 – 19.12.1967	Hulme, AS	14.12.1966 – 19.12.1967
McEwen Ministry (LIB–CP Coalition)	19.12.1967 – 10.1.1968	Hulme, AS	19.12.1967 – 10.1.1968
Gorton Ministry (LIB-CP Coalition)	10.1.1968 – 28.2.1968	Hulme, AS	10.1.1968 – 28.2.1968
Gorton Ministry (LIB–CP Coalition)	28.2.1968 – 12.11.1969	Hulme, AS	28.2.1968 – 12.11.1969
Gorton Ministry (LIB–CP Coalition)	12.11.1969 – 10.3.1971	Hulme, AS	12.11.1969 – 10.3.1971
McMahon Ministry (LIB–CP Coalition)	10.3.1971 – 5.12.1972	Hulme, AS	10.3.1971 – 5.12.1972
Whitlam Ministry (ALP)	5.12.1972 – 19.12.1972	Barnard, LH	5.12.1972 – 19.12.1972
Whitlam Ministry (ALP)	19.12.1972 – 12.6.1974	Bowen, LF	19.12.1972 – 12.6.1974
Whitlam Ministry (ALP)	12.6.1974 – 11.11.1975	Bishop, Senator R	12.6.1974 – 11.11.1975
Fraser Ministry (LIB–NCP Coalition)	11.11.1975 – 22.12.1975	Nixon, PJ (NCP)	11.11.1975 – 22.12.1975
		Minister for Post and Telecommunications
Fraser Ministry (LIB–NCP Coalition)	22.12.1975 – 20.12.1977	Garland, RV	22.12.1975 – 6.2.1976
		Robinson, EL	6.2.1976 - 20.12.1977
Fraser Ministry (LIB–NCP Coalition)	20.12.1977 – 3.11.1980	Staley, AA	20.12.1977 – 3.11.1980
		Minister for Communications
Fraser Ministry (LIB–NCP Coalition)	3.11.1980 – 7.5.1982	Sinclair, IMcC (NCP)	3.11.1980 – 7.5.1982
Fraser Ministry (LIB–CP Coalition)	7.5.1982 – 11.3.1983	Brown, NA	7.5.1982 – 11.3.1983
Hawke Ministry (ALP)	11.3.1983 – 13.12.1984	Duffy, MJ	11.3.1983 – 13.12.1984
Hawke Ministry (ALP)	13.12.1984 – 24.7.1987	Duffy, MJ	13.12.1984 – 24.7.1987
		Minister for Transport and Communications
Hawke Ministry (ALP)	24.7.1987 – 4.4.1990	Evans, Senator GJ	24.7.1987 – 2.9.1988
		Willis, R	2.9.1988- 4.4.1990
Hawke Ministry (ALP)	4.4.1990 – 20.12.1991	Beazley, KC	4.4.1990 – 9.12.1991
		Kerin, JC	9.12.1991- 20.12.1991
Keating Ministry (ALP)	20.12.1991 – 27.12.1991	Kerin, JC	20.12.1991 – 27.12.1991
Keating Ministry (ALP)	27.12.1991 – 24.3.1993	Richardson, Senator GF	27.12.1991 – 18.5.1992
		Collins, Senator RL	27.5.1992 - 24.3.1993
Keating Ministry (ALP)	24.3.1993 – 11.3.1996	Collins, Senator RL	24.3.1993  - 23.12.1993
		Minister for Communications
		Lee, MJ	23.12.1993 – 30.1.1994
		Minister for Communications and the Arts
		Lee, MJ	30.1.1994 - 11.3.1996
Howard Ministry (LIB–NPA Coalition)	11.3.1996 – 21.10.1998	Alston, Senator RKR	11.3.1996 - 9.10.1997
		Minister for Communications, the Information Economy and the Arts
		Alston, Senator RKR	9.10.1997 - 21.10.1998
		Minister for Communications, Information Technology and the Arts
Howard Ministry (LIB–NPA Coalition)	21.10.1998 – 26.11.2001	Alston, Senator RKR	21.10.1998 – 26.11.2001
Howard Ministry (LIB - NPA* Coalition)	26.11.2001 - 26.10.2004	Alston, Senator RKR	26.11.2001  - 7.10.2003
		Williams, DR	7.10.2003 - 18.7.2004
		Coonan, Senator HL	18.7.2004 - 26.10.2004
Howard Ministry (LIB-NP Coalition)	26.10.2004 - 3.12.2007	Coonan, Senator HL	26.10.2004 - 3.12.2007
		Minister for Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy
Rudd Ministry (Labor)	3.12.07 – 24.06.10	Conroy, Senator SM	3.12.07 – 24.06.10
Gillard Ministry (Labor)	24.06.10 – 28.06.10	Conroy, Senator SM	24.06.10 – 28.06.10
Gillard Ministry (Labor)	28.06.10 – 14.9.2010	Conroy, Senator SM	28.06.10 – 14.9.2010
Gillard Ministry (Labor)	14.9.2010 – 28.06.13	Conroy, Senator SM	14.9.2010 – 28.06.13
Rudd Ministry (Labor)	28.06.13 – 1.07.13	Conroy, Senator SM	28.06.13 – 1.07.13
Rudd Ministry (Labor)	1.07.13 -	Albanese, AN  (Deputy Prime Minister)	1.07.13

Source: http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id:handbook%2Fnewhandbook%2F2011-10-13%2F0063

 

There are a few additional quirks as follows:

1. Minister for the Media 12.6.1974 – 11.11.1975 (check Administrative Orders for Responsibilities)

Minister for the Media
12.6.1974 to 6.6.1975	McClelland, Senator D
from 6.6.1975 to 11.11.1975	Cass, MH

2. In 1982 the title seems to have undertaken a very minor change from “Communication” to “Communications”
   
3. During the Hawke super-ministry of Transport and Communications there was a period with a junior Minister for Telecommunications

Minister for Telecommunications and Aviation Support
2.9.1988 – 28.3.1989	Punch, GF
6.4.1989 - 4.4.1990	Kelly, RJ

4. During the Howard Ministry, Senator Ian Campbell was Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Communications, Information Technology and the Arts from 21.10.1998 - 26.11.2001, (I had recollection that Chris Pyne did it later but it does’t appear in the APH list)
5. During the Rudd Ministry from 1.07.13 there were in addition
               Senator Kate Lundy, Minister Assisting for the Digital Economy
               Sharon Bird, Minister for Regional Communications
               Ed Husic, Parliamentary Secretary for Broadband

Data Sets

Just an interesting post from Joshua Gans about open economic data sets. 

As I said the other day - we also need open models when used in papers.

On Abbott

A new story today about old Abbott punches. 

Astute readers of this blog know that the earlier accusations about Barbara Ramjan were referenced by a comment here before they appeared in the press.

The single greatest criticism of Labor in Government is that they have created the condition under which it looks like Tony Abott may well become Prime Minister.

My humble opinion is that he is more morally and intellectually totally unsuited to the position than any of his predecessors - and some of them were quite dodgy. 

For a quick review see Mungo McCallum's The Good, the Bad & the Unlikely.

On cartel parties

I have taken to deleting my Latin postscript on most posts since I currently work for a Labor left Senator.  But I've left it on because of the topic of the day - which in the SMH editorial is that Labor must reform or die.

The problem is that every criticism of Labor in that editorial - narrow base, preselecting professional politicians, factions and fractions - apply equally to the other large political grouping.

This is a systemic condition, not one that applies to just Labor.  Katz describes the emergence of the cartel party.  I have elsewhere described this evolution as a consequence of the speed of communication.  The cartel party has now come to its logical conclusion - parties that as organisations are built only on power and influence, and as political entities merely reflect "the mob."

The "solution" is not some reactionary return to mass movement parties, that won't happen.

But the health of democratic states is for the political process to deliver the next form of organisation ....

Novae Meridianae Demetae Dexter delenda est

Academic publishing and data

Two pieces in today's SMH on economics raise some interesting questions about how research should be done in the 21st century - on which I think I've written before.

The first is another story on the Reinhart and Rogoff paper that make the prediction that once a debt to GDP ratio hit 90% a country would fall off a cliff.  That turned out to be a conclusion reached only because of an error in a spreadsheet. 

Part of the stoush is about how hard it was for people to test the original paper - no one could replicate the result.  There is a very simple 21st century solution that ALL the data and calculations in support of a paper should be available on the web. 

But it also raises the whole validity of the "peer reviewed research" model.  The paper was peer reviewed - which didn't prohibit the error.  Our good friend Thomas Kuhn and his paradigms would easily explain that - the "small government" conclusion of the paper would have matched the dominant thinking of the relevant journal.

Before the "real sciences" crow, they are not immune to the same errors. Be they fraud like William McBride's or a stuff up. 

But the other question then emergs is about availability of data itself.  The other article reports on this weekends Triple -j Hottest 100 of the last twenty years and cites two researchers who have "analysed voting trends from every Hottest 100."  This got me excited because I have tried a couple of times to get the core voting data set from the ABC, but they won't release it.

It turns out that the researchers don't seem to have had it either.  An earlier article reveals his was only an econometric study on presence, and possibly rank, in the Hottest 100 - not votes.  The conclusions of that study are hardly surprising given the research about influence effects mentioned in another blogpost about the Hottest 100.

The votes is an interesting topic because it would provide a good dataset to test the long-tail thesis which is often used to argue that in the online world we have no reason to fear media concentration.  If the thesis holds the votes have a power-law distribution over the whole set of songs, if not the votes suddenly decline faster at some point. Where that point is is more than just of passing interest.

Lobbying

An interesting study has been published that has analysed the lobbying activity of Enron.  I haven't read it in detail yet, but it is an interesting methodology based on textual analysis of e-mails.  The data is only available because of the collapse of Enron.

The interesting part of the conclusion is that the focus on effort is not on elections, but rule making.

In studying the attention Enron devoted to various political activities through its e-mails, we find very little evidence consistent with the transactional approach to political influence. Election-related e-mails make up only 1% of Enron's political e-mails—and even within that 1%, there is scant evidence that Enron's staffers considered themselves to be buying the support of candidates. Instead, we observe Enron's political attention to be focused primarily on monitoring and formal participation in rule making and other executive-branch proceedings.

This is unsurprising to a professional, but I gather it is to academics.

The second part is the revelation in all its glory of the regulatory information assymetry problem. 

Certainly, Enron had the capacity to make political contributions, and it did so. But perhaps its greater resource was its monopoly on policy-relevant information about electricity, natural gas, and communications markets, information that policy makers could not easily obtain elsewhere.

Interestingly one of the things that happened as a consequence of the greater faith in markets in the last quarter of the last century was that Government decided to outsource a lot of policy research activity. Also "red tape reduction" has been used to limit mandatory reporting. 

Together these increase the power of the industry lobbyist and their "monopoly on policy-relevant informnation."

Unfortunately this is a topic on which no one ever speaks.

On being Prime Minister

In the SMH today Anne Summers relays the distressing state of political reporting.  It is another article about how the reporting is about who is leading in assessments of who people intend to vote for instead of spending any time in reporting on what the politicians stand for to help voters to decide who to vote for.

The articles in the same News Review section by Jacquekine Maley, Peter Hartcher and Lenore Taylor all fell into the category being critiqued by Summers.

But Summers concluding point is that John Howard faced similar poll results six months out from the 1998 and 2004 elections and yet won.

Now conventional wisdom is that John Howard was a "conviction politician" and this is what got him over the line.  However, Howard was also a poll driven politician.  The subtle difference may be that Howard used the polls to nuance how he sold his convictions whereas the perception is that Labor in the modern mold uses polls to tell it what its convictions should be.

Unfortunately when Julia Gillard does talk about her convictions - being the leader of a labour party - Hartcher for the second week in a row dresses this up as class warfare or politics of envy.  This time it is specifically describing Ms Gillard as a sectional rme Minister rather than a Prime Minister for all Australians.

And here really lies the rub.  The Prime Minister really is a conviction politician.  She is a firm believer in the "equality of opportunity" model of modern Labor as cast by Gough Whitlam.  She is talking to everyone when she says that - but the conservatives successfully frame it so that each individual voter thinks the PM is talking about everyone but them. 

There is a way for the PM to communicate the message.  But it would help if the editor of the SMH paid attention to what one of its columnists wrote.